Curriculum/Program Guide: Elementary Level - New Hartford Central School District

Grade 1 – 6 Curriculum Maps | Elementary Concepts in ELA and Math

Grade K – 6 Curriculum Maps

Grade-level curriculum maps serve as planning tools that help teachers plan the pacing of their instruction. The maps are a general guideline and are subject to change during the year. View maps for grades Kindergarten through 6 below.

Elementary Key Concepts in ELA and Math

View the key concepts in ELA and Math for specific grade levels below.

Kindergarten

English Language Arts (ELA)

Reading

Rhyming words
- Tell a rhyme
- Matching rhyming pictures
Identify beginning, middle, and ending sounds
High-frequency words
Blending/sounding out new words
Substituting beginning and ending sounds
Consonant and vowel sounds
Comprehending: answering questions about a text

Writing

Uppercase and lowercase letters
Capitalize the beginning of a sentence and the pronoun “I”.
Place a period, question mark, or exclamation point at the end of
sentence.
Use appropriate spacing between words.
Phonetically spell consonant-vowel-consonant words.
Write the sequence of events using first, next, and last.
Write detailed facts about a given topic.
Provide an opinion with a supporting detail.
Write a reaction (closing sentence) when writing.

Math

Number Sense
- Name and write numbers through 100
- 1:1 correspondence with numbers through 20
- Order numbers 0 through 20
- Comparing using more and fewer (1 more, 2 more, 1 fewer, 2 fewer)
- Recognize patterns on 100 chart; count by 2s, 5s, and 10s
- Estimate numbers to 30
- Ways to make 10
- Composing and decomposing numbers through 19, using a 10-frame
- Concepts of inside/outside, above/below/on, in front of/behind, and left/right
Addition and subtraction of whole numbers
- Adding and subtracting within 10, using a + and – sign
- Write number sentences
Geometry
- Plane shapes – square, rectangle, triangle, circle, and hexagon
- Recognize same size, same shape
- Make shapes from other shapes
- Compare 3-dimensional shapes
Measurement
- Non-standard measurement for length, weight, and capacity
- Reading picture graphs

Grade 1

ELA

Phonics

Long and short vowels
Blends (sp, bl)
Consonant sounds
Segmenting
Decoding
Identify beginning, middle, and end sounds

Comprehension

Predict what will happen next.
Retell the beginning, middle, and end with details.
Story structure: main character, setting, problem, and solution.
Cause and effect
Main idea
Character traits
Making connections

Fluency: read grade-level text at an appropriate rate with expression and accuracy.

Grammar

Nouns, verbs, pronouns, adjectives, adverbs
Synonyms and antonyms
Homographs and homophones

High-Frequency Words: weekly words to know

Writing

Capitalize the first word in a sentence and “I”
Ending punctuation: ?, !, .
Provide topic sentence, three details, and a conclusion/closing in opinion, narrative, and informative pieces.
Use sequence words (e.g., first, next, then, last)
Spell grade-level words accurately

Grade 2

ELA

Reading

Retell stories with specific details telling the overall lesson or moral.
Answer questions such as who, where, when, why, and how to determine understanding of key details in a text.
By the end of the year, read and comprehend nonfiction texts on a grade 2 to 3 level.

Phonics

Long and short vowels
Decode two-syllable words
Decode common prefixes and suffixes
Decode irregular sound spelling patterns

Fluency: read grade-level text at an appropriate rate with expression

Writing

Write opinion, informative, and narrative paragraphs.
Complete three oral presentations during the year.
Answer a question beginning with a topic sentence and stating a claim.

Math

Place value
- Place value to the hundreds place
- Standard and expanded word form
Math fact mastery – addition and subtraction
Addition and subtraction of whole numbers
- Fluency of addition and subtraction facts to 20
- Adding and subtracting up to 3-digit numbers, including across a zero in the tens place
Multiplication
- Understand arrays as a foundation for multiplication
Geometry
- Plane and three-dimensional shapes
- Vertices, faces, and edges
- Understand perimeter as the length around a shape
- Polygons
Measurement
- Measuring in different units (nonstandard, customary, and metric units)
- Draw a picture or bar graph to represent data
Time
- Telling time to 5 minutes
- Quarter to and quarter after
Money
- Recognize coins by name (front and back) and know their value
- Counting coins from most valuable to least valuable
Problem solving
- Solve word problems using all key concepts
- Use bar diagrams to solve problems and include examples

Grade 3

ELA

Reading

Topic sentences will be presented as a claim.
Text features: students will use features to increase understanding.
heading, captions, illustrations, reading charts, diagrams
Author’s purpose
Sequence of events
Main idea and supporting details

Writing

Opinion writing with supporting details
- Three main idea paragraphs
- Two to three details for each main idea
Informative writing: introduce topic with facts
Narrative writing
- Descriptive details
- Senses (show, don’t tell)
- Temporal words
- Dialogue
Edit for capitalization, punctuation, indenting, subject-verb agreement, and complete sentences.

Grammar

Verbs
Nouns
Adjectives
Adverbs
Subject and predicate
Quotations and dialogue
Sentence structure: punctuation, subject-verb agreement, complete sentence

Math

Place value
- Place value to the hundred-thousand place
- Rounding whole numbers to the nearest ten or hundred
- Estimating using rounding or compatible numbers
- Modeling with place value blocks for adding and subtracting
- Standard and expanded word form
- Comparison and ordering of larger numbers
Math fact mastery – addition, subtraction, multiplication and division
Addition and subtraction of whole numbers
- Using mental math to add and subtract
- Adding and subtracting with regrouping
- Subtracting across zeros
Multiplication and Division
- Understand that multiplication is repeated addition
- Use arrays as visual models of multiplication
- Commutative and distributive properties of multiplication
- Multiply 3 factors
- Multiples of 10
- Understand that division is sharing and repeated subtraction
- Relationship between multiplication and division
Fractions and Decimals
- Fractions as equal parts
- Fractions as parts of a set
- Fractions on a number line
- Comparing fractions with like denominators
- Equivalent fractions
- Mixed numbers
Geometry
- Lines, segments, angles
- Polygons, including triangles and quadrilaterals, and their characteristics (number of sides, angles, parallel sides, right angles, etc.)
- Perimeter and area
- Customary and metric units of capacity, weight, length
Time
- Time to half hour, quarter hour, minute
- Units of time: days in a week, hours, etc.
- Elapsed time and working backwards to determine elapsed time
Problem solving
- Solve word problems using all key concepts
- Use bar diagrams to solve problems and include examples
- Determine if an answer is reasonable or not
- Multiple-step problems

Grade 4

English Language Arts (ELA)

Reading

Comprehension Skills
- Story structure: characters, setting, plot
- Author’s purpose: to inform, to persuade, to entertain
- Cause and effect
- Theme: the central message of the text
- Understanding characters: studying characters’ words, thoughts, actions
- Fact and opinion
- Point of view: first person, third person
- Conclusions and generalizations
  - A conclusion is a reasonable judgment you make after looking at facts.
  - A generalization is a conclusion that is true most of the time, but not always.
- Simile and metaphor
- Text and graphic features
  - Text features: headings, captions, etc.
  - Graphic features: diagrams, maps, etc.
- Sequence of events
- Main idea and details
- Compare and contrast
- Idiom: a phrase that means something different than what it says (e.g., It’s raining cats and dogs.)
Comprehension Strategies
- Summarize: retell the main events in a story, but not including every detail.
- Monitor/clarify
  - Monitor: stopping periodically to pay attention to your understanding of what you’re reading.
  - Clarify: make the meaning clearer by rereading a text slowly and thinking about the main ideas.
- Visualize: stopping periodically to visualize places and the people who live there.
- Analyze/evaluate
  - Analyze: to look closely at parts to find out what they mean or how they work
  - Evaluate: evaluate the actions and thoughts of the characters.
- Infer/predict: stopping periodically to visualize places and the people who live there.
- Question: ask questions about characters, thoughts, actions, and words.
Fluency: can read orally with appropriate expression, rate, phrasing, and accuracy.

Writing

Write informative/explanatory texts
- Introduce a topic clearly.
- Develop the topic with facts, details, or other information related to the topic.
- Provide linking words and phrases and a concluding statement.
Write opinion pieces
- Introduce an opinion clearly.
- Provide reasons supported by facts and details.
- Provide linking words and phrases and a concluding statement.
Write narratives about real or imagined experiences
- Introduce a narrator and/or characters.
- Use dialogue and description.
- Use transition words and phrases to manage sequence of events.
- Use sensory details to convey events clearly.
- Provide a conclusion.
Short-constructed response: responding in writing to a question about a text
- State a claim: the general answer to the question.
- Support your claim with text details/evidence.
- Provide a closing statement.
- Use grade-appropriate grammar and spelling.

Grammar

Write complete sentences, recognizing and correcting fragments and run-ons.
Correctly use frequently confused words (e.g., to, too, two; there, their, they’re; your, you’re).
Use correct capitalization.
Use commas and quotation marks to mark direct speech and quotations from text.
Spell grade-appropriate words correctly, consulting references as needed.

Math

Place value
- Understand that each place is 10 times the value of the next place
- Rounding whole numbers to the nearest ten, hundred, thousand, or ten thousand
Math fact mastery – addition, subtraction, multiplication and division
Addition and subtraction of whole numbers
Multiplication
- Understand that multiplication is repeated addition
- Break apart factors and multiply using the distributive property. For example, 15 x 12 = (10 + 5) x (10 + 2) = (10 x 10) + (10 x 2) + (5 x 10) + (5 x 2)
- 2-digit by 1-digit multiplication
- 2-digit by 2-digit multiplication
- 3-digit by 1-digit multiplication
- 4-digit by 1-digit multiplication
Division
- Understand that division is repeated subtraction
- Divide 2-, 3-, and 4-digit numbers by 1-digit numbers with and without remainders
- Understand what the quotient and remainder represent
Fractions and Decimals
- Addition and subtraction of fractions with like denominators
- Equivalent fractions
- Simplifying fractions
- Ordering fractional amounts from least to greatest with like and unlike denominators
- Changing improper fractions to mixed numbers
- Adding and subtracting mixed numbers
- Understanding the relationship between fractions and decimals (tenths and hundredths)
Problem solving
- Solve word problems using all key concepts
- Use bar diagrams to solve problems and include exam

Grade 5

English Language Arts (ELA)

Reading

Figurative language: simile, metaphor, idioms and adages, personification
Vocabulary in context
Theme
Making inferences and drawing conclusions
Nonfiction text structure
Text and graphic features
Author’s purpose, point-of-view, tone
Character traits
Craft a response to reading based on two or more texts
Fluency
Familiarity with poetry and terms

Writing

Narrative, informative, and persuasive
Mechanics, usage, and grammar for revising and editing
Topic sentences and conclusions
Voice
Constructing an opinion based on a text
Dialogue use
Organization

Grammar

Punctuating dialogue
Prepositions (e.g., on the table, after dinner)
Verb tenses, including perfect tense (e.g., had walked, has eaten, will have spoken)
Conjunctions: and, but, or, so
Comma use: in a series, introductory element, direct address)
Compound sentences
Direct and indirect objects (e.g., She gave the cake to me.)
Commonly misused words (e.g., to, too, two)
Adverbs
Comparative adjectives (e.g., high, higher, highest)

Math

Place value
- Whole numbers to the billions place
- Decimals to the thousandths
- Rounding
- Standard and expanded word form
Math fact mastery – addition, subtraction, multiplication and division
3-digit multiplication
1- and 2-digit long division
Basic fraction knowledge
- Estimating fractions
- Value of numerator/denominator
- Equivalent fractions
- Simplest form
- Improper to mixed number/mixed number to improper
- Adding, subtracting, multiplying, and dividing fractions
- Adding, subtracting, and multiplying mixed numbers
Decimal numbers
- Visual representations of decimal numbers
- Estimating decimals
- Adding, subtracting, multiplying, and dividing decimals
Geometry
- Area and perimeter
- Volume
- Solid figures
- Coordinate geometry
- Polygons and their characteristics (number of sides, angles, parallel sides, right angles, etc.)
Writing and evaluating algebraic expressions

Grade 6

Math

Number system
- Place value to the trillions place
- Place value of decimals to the ten thousandths
- Multiply and divide fractions and mixed numbers
- Ordering and comparing rational numbers
- Absolute value
Math fact mastery – addition, subtraction, multiplication and division
Expressions and Equations
- Write and evaluate expressions with whole numbers, fractions, decimals, and variables
- Order of operations
- Property of operations
- Solve one-variable equations and inequalities
- Analyze quantitative relationships between dependent and independent variables using graphs and tables
Statistics and Probability
- Identify statistical questions
- Mean, median, mode, range and use them to analyze data and create histograms, line plots, and box plots.
Ratios and Proportional Relationships
- Understand the concept of ratio and use ratio language to show relationships between quantities
- Understand the concept of a unit rate
- Use ratios and rates to solve real world problems
- Make tables with equivalent ratios
- Find percents of numbers
Geometry
- Area of regular and irregular polygons
- Volume of rectangular prisms with whole and fractional edge lengths
- Coordinate graphing of polygons
- Surface area

Academics Links

Curriculum Night

Curriculum Night for all K-6 parents is held in September. This is not intended to be a conference night, but an opportunity for teachers to discuss their curriculum and the expectations at each grade level. Students should not be attending this evening.